HS Code Guides: Understanding, Finding & Using the Correct Commodity Codes

What Are HS Codes?

HS Codes (Harmonised System Codes) are internationally recognised numerical codes used to classify goods for customs purposes. Every product that crosses a border must be assigned the correct HS Code to determine:

• Duty rates
• VAT liability
• Import/export restrictions
• Licensing requirements
• Trade statistics
• Rules of origin eligibility

Using the wrong HS Code can lead to delays, penalties, incorrect duty payments, or even seizure of goods — so accuracy matters.

Why HS Codes Matter

Correct classification is the foundation of compliant international trade. Choosing the right HS Code ensures:

 Accurate Duty & VAT Calculations

The HS Code determines how much tax you pay.

 Smooth Customs Clearance

Incorrect codes often trigger inspections, queries, or delays.

 Eligibility for Preferential Duty Rates

Free Trade Agreements rely on HS Codes to determine origin rules.

 Compliance With Import/Export Controls

Some codes require licences, certificates, or additional documentation.

 Correct Trade Data Reporting

Governments use HS Codes to track trade flows and enforce regulations.

How HS Codes Are Structured

HS Codes follow a global structure, but each country may add extra digits.

The Standard Format

• 6 digits – International HS Code (same worldwide)
• 8 digits – Combined Nomenclature (EU level)
• 10 digits – UK Tariff Code (used for UK imports/exports)

Example:

• 85 – Electrical machinery
• 8525 – Cameras
• 8525 80 – Digital cameras
• 8525 80 91 – UK-specific classification

How to Find the Correct HS Code

Finding the right code can be straightforward for simple products, but more complex for technical or multi‑component goods. Here’s how to approach it:

1. Use the UK Trade Tariff

Search by keyword or browse by category.
Look for:

• Code descriptions
• Duty rates
• Import/export measures
• Additional requirements

2. Understand the Product Fully

You need details such as:

• What the product is
• What it’s made of
• How it works
• Its purpose
• Technical specifications

3. Apply the General Rules of Interpretation (GRIs)

These are the legal rules used to classify goods correctly.

4. Check Explanatory Notes

These provide deeper guidance on borderline or complex products.

5. Seek Professional Support

If in doubt, a customs specialist can help you avoid costly mistakes.

Common HS Code Mistakes

Many traders run into issues because of:

• Using Google instead of the official tariff
• Copying codes from suppliers without checking accuracy
• Choosing codes based on duty rate rather than product description
• Misclassifying multi‑component or mixed‑material goods
• Ignoring product function or primary use
• Not updating codes after tariff changes

Even a small error can cause big problems at the border.

HS Codes & Rules of Origin

HS Codes are essential for determining whether your goods qualify for preferential duty rates under Free Trade Agreements.

Rules of origin may require:

• A specific HS Code shift
• A percentage of local content
• A specific manufacturing process

Using the wrong HS Code can invalidate your origin claim.

HS Code Examples by Category

Here are some common examples to help illustrate how codes work:

Product Type	Example HS Code	Notes
Clothing	6109 10 00	T-shirts of cotton
Electronics	8517 12 00	Mobile phones
Food	11 10	Groundnuts, prepared
Machinery	8421 21 00	Water filters
Furniture	9403 20 80	Metal furniture

(Always verify the correct code for your specific product.)

How We Help With HS Code Classification

We support businesses with:

• Full HS Code classification
• Verification of supplier‑provided codes
• Classification for new product ranges
• Support with complex or technical goods
• Advice on rules of origin
• Ongoing compliance reviews

Correct classification protects your business from delays, penalties, and unnecessary duty costs.

Need Help With HS Codes?

If you’re unsure about the correct HS Code for your product, or you want to ensure full compliance, our customs specialists are here to help.

Get in touch for expert HS Code guidance and classification support.